英中對(duì)照(zhào)“省略”翻譯方法

Omission

Because of the difference in syntax and ≈£™$usage between Chinese and English the method×≥ελs of“amplification”and“omissio®λ≥n”are called for, λ↑<depending on the real meaning of the ori×εginal and the usage of the lang"σ$uage to be translated into.

"That veteran scient‍δ∞↑ist says，‘Remote sensing of the earth fromε  man-made satellites seems to have an extreme ®α§ly promising future. ’ &rdqu¥♠₽↓o;
“那(nà)位老(lǎo)科(kē)學↔ 家(jiā)說(shuō)，‘從(cóng)人(rén)造衛星上(shৱng)對(duì)地(dì)球進行(xíng)遙感勘測，其前途§₽看(kàn)來(lái)是(shì)不(bù)可(kě) ✘™限量的(de)。’ ”

2. Omission of“posses×β☆sive pronoun”, e. g.

 

“Seamen who went on the first great vo•₩yages of discovery in the Anta∑§rctic got their drink✔× ing water by melting blocks of ice. ”
“最初航行(xíng)在南(nán)極地(dì)區(qū)從(÷×>αcóng)事(shì)偉大(dà)科(kē)學考察的(de)船( < ≈chuán)員(yuán)和(hé)水(s♥δ∑huǐ)手，就(jiù)是(shì)靠融化(huà)冰塊來(lái)獲取飲用(yòn≤‍♦g)水(shuǐ)的(de)。”(Here♠☆φ™ the possessive pronoun“<↕ ±their' which is syntactically neces♦‍✘♠sary in English，should be omitted in the Chi★¶nese version, in line wit• ¶‌h the usage of the Chinese language.)

 

“There is a c‍↑αertain aeroplane noise ‌Ω→αwhich is quite unmistakab©πle. ”
“有(yǒu)一(yī)種飛(fēi)機(jī)的(de)響聲是(sh♥>✘ì)完全不(bù)會(huì)被聽(tīng)錯(cuò)的(de)。”

 

4. Omission of“structural₽₹ $ words”.

“Some of the machine tools are so small $∏≤that they can be moved by hand. Othe≠♥rs are so big that they weigh 100 tons or mor₹φ e. ”
“有(yǒu)些(xiē)機(jī)床很(hěn)小(xiǎo)，用(yòng♠π)手就(jiù)可(kě)以搬動；另外(wài)一(yī)些(xiē)則很(hě€‍" n)大(dà)，重達100噸或100噸以上(shàng)。”

 

 

“It is permissibJ≠¶→e, however, to postulate thγ≤at the effect of viscosity is confined to a thin ↓'boundary layer (except where flow ¶₹∏separation occurs) so₩☆δ that the main flow is approximately dependent on£&☆ly on Mach number. ”
“然而，可(kě)以假定，粘性影(yǐng)響隻局限在一(yī)層薄薄的(d★↓‌€e)附面層之內(nèi)（流動發生(shēn"‌g)分(fēn)離(lí)的(de)情形除外(wài)）因此，主流仍然近(jìn)似♣"地(dì)隻同馬赫數(shù)有(yǒu)關。”

7. Omission of“s☆&igns of comparison”inλ  the Chinese version.

On this question, two paints are to be←​  noted.

 

 

Second, whereas in English there ar"∑​e“signs of comparison&rdqu☆≥✔δo;like “-er” and “-e≠≥↓✘st”，in Chinese too ther¥α γe are “更” an←₽↔d “最”. Howevert we sh>≈ould on no account equate“更” wεππβith“-er”and&l ✘↑λdquo;最”with “-eγσst” in a mechanical★↑ way. For instance, how a£‌↑re we to translate“To make this simpler, ↔♦research workers often u×φ se specific gravity instead of density." αβAccording to usage of the Chinese language, &§♦ldquo;更”is not cal←♠✘§led for and the sentence should normally be re≠™•ndered into：“為(wèi)了(le)簡便¥$，研究人(rén)員(yuán)常常使用(yòng)比重而不(bù)✘←用(yòng)密度。”Similarly, we shou>₽•♣ld translate "B×®×ut if the steel plate is shaped in≈• ≥to a ship, the air that is in the space <♥π₩in the steel hull makes the specific gr​±avity of the ship smaller." into“但(d♥ ≥àn)是(shì)，如(rú)果将鋼闆做(zuò)成船(chuán)的(de)話(huà)，那(→‌®nà)麽，鋼質船(chuán)體(tǐ)內(nèi)所含的(de♦✘γ)空(kōng)氣使船(chuán)的(de)比重減小(xiǎo>↓×)。”“It is enough to know that the s®λound becomes weaker as the air is taken froΩ→βm the bottle. ”into&ld'☆≤quo;隻要(yào)知(zhī)道(dào≠✘★≤)當空(kōng)氣從(cóng)瓶中抽出時(s✔®™​hí)鈴聲變弱就(jiù)夠了(le)。”“This l ₹aboratory is smaller than that one. ”&mda↔σ≥sh;—“這(zhè)個(gè)實驗室比那(nà)個(gè)小 ±>(xiǎo)。”

 

 

1. 冠詞的(de)省咯

 

 

(例句和(hé)譯文(wén)參考上(shàng)文(wénδ €€)。）

 

（句中的(de)所有(yǒu)格代詞“their&rd≤≈≤quo;從(cóng)英語的(de)句法要(yào)求來(lái)★ ₹看(kàn)是(shì)必要(yào)的(de)，但(dàn)根據漢語的↑♠☆(de)用(yòng)法，卻應予以省略。）

（例句及譯文(wén)考上(shàng)文(wén)。）

 

4. 結構用(yòng)詞的(de)省略

 

(例句及其譯文(wén)參考上(shàng)文(wén)。）

(例句及其譯文(wén)參考上(shàng)文(wén)。）

 

在這(zhè)個(gè)問(wèn)題上(shàng₽קΩ)，有(yǒu)兩點要(yào)注意。

第一(yī)，有(yǒu)相(xiàng)當多(duō)的(de)英語表述，盡管在形式上(shà↕∏↔ng)用(yòng)的(de)是(shì)♦δ∞✘“比較級”，但(dàn)卻表示事(shì)物(wùα≠↑)的(de)具體(tǐ)概念或狀态。因此，這(z♦₽hè)類“比較級”在漢語中通(tōng)常不(bù)表示出來(l ©Ωái)。例如(rú)：Many seats¶< of higher learning have graduate prog©₽rams in this field. 在這(zhè)個(gè)句子(zǐ)中“hi™βgher learning”的(de)意思是(shì)&ldquoφ≤ε";高(gāo)等學問(wèn)”。因此該句應←→©♠譯成：許多(duō)髙等學問(wèn)的(de)研究場(chǎng)所（如(rú)大(dβ↕βΩà)學、研究院、所等)都(dōu)開(kāi)設這(zhè)方面←γ的(de)研究生(shēng)課程。與此類似：“higher ed↔♣®÷ucation”是(shì)“高(gāo)等教育”↔↓：“younger generation&rdq≈£§✘uo;是(shì)“年(niá☆• n)輕的(de)一(yī)代”；“bet  ↑£ter students”是(shì)“©↑Ω™優秀學生(shēng)”；“weaker states”是✔φ(shì)“弱國(guó)”等等。

 

第二，像英語中有(yǒu)“-e♣×∏r ”和(hé)“-est ”一(yī)類比較級的(de¥≥φ)标記一(yī)樣，漢語中也(yě)有(yǒu)“更”字和(hé£₽≠ )“最”字，但(dàn)是(shì)，決不(bù)可(kě)機(jī)械地γ÷©(dì)把“更”字同“~e∑<≈r”、把“最”字同“-est&rdqu ‍>o;劃上(shàng)等号。例如(rú)，如(rú)©"π何翻譯“To make this simpler, r↑€§esearch workers ofteΩ​δ≈n use specific gravity instead of density☆✔₹. ”按照(zhào)漢語的(dγβ♥e)用(yòng)法，不(bù)需要(yào)用(yòng)&'©☆ldquo;更”字，句子(zǐ)通λ→(tōng)常應譯成：為(wèi)了(le)簡便、研究人(¥↕rén)員(yuán)常常使用(yòng)比重而不(bù)用(yòng)密度。與此類π₩€似，（例句參考上(shàng)文(wén)。←‌​）

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